Why Asphalt Fails: Common Causes and How to Prevent Them

Poor Installation and Subbase Issues

One of the leading causes of asphalt failure is improper installation. If the subbase (the layer of compacted gravel or crushed stone beneath the asphalt) is not properly prepared, it can lead to uneven surfaces, cracking, and potholes.

Causes:

• Inadequate compaction of the subbase

• Poor drainage leading to water retention

• Use of low-quality materials in the base layer

Prevention:

• Ensure the subbase is properly graded and compacted before laying asphalt.

• Use high-quality aggregates and proper asphalt mix.

• Hire experienced professionals to install asphalt correctly.

Water Damage and Drainage Problems

Water is one of asphalt’s biggest enemies. When water seeps into cracks and crevices, it weakens the structure, leading to premature damage and pothole formation.

Causes:

• Poor drainage systems

• Standing water on the surface

• Freeze-thaw cycles expanding existing cracks

Prevention:

• Install proper drainage systems to divert water away from asphalt surfaces.

• Sealcoat asphalt regularly to create a protective barrier.

• Repair cracks immediately to prevent water infiltration.

Heavy Traffic and Load Stress

Asphalt is designed to withstand vehicle traffic, but excessive weight from heavy trucks, buses, and construction equipment can lead to premature wear.

Causes:

• Frequent exposure to heavy vehicles

• Overloading beyond the asphalt’s weight capacity

• Weak pavement design for high-traffic areas

Prevention:

• Use a thicker asphalt layer in areas with heavy traffic.

• Reinforce pavement with stronger base materials.

• Establish weight limits for vehicles using the asphalt surface.

Oxidation and Sun Exposure

Constant exposure to sunlight and oxygen leads to asphalt oxidation, causing it to lose its flexibility and become brittle over time.

Causes:

• UV rays breaking down asphalt binders

• Loss of essential oils that keep asphalt flexible

• Surface cracking due to brittleness

Prevention:

• Apply a high-quality sealcoat every 2-3 years.

• Use UV-resistant asphalt materials.

• Schedule regular inspections and maintenance to address minor damage early.

Oil and Chemical Spills

Oil, gasoline, and other automotive fluids can break down the binding agents in asphalt, leading to soft spots and deterioration.

Causes:

• Frequent vehicle leaks on asphalt surfaces

• Spilled chemicals from maintenance or industrial work

• Lack of prompt cleanup

Prevention:

• Clean up spills as soon as they occur.

• Use oil-resistant sealants and coatings.

• Implement designated parking areas for vehicles prone to leaks.

Lack of Regular Maintenance

Asphalt requires ongoing care to maintain its integrity. Neglecting small issues often leads to bigger, more expensive problems.

Causes:

• Ignoring minor cracks and potholes

• Skipping routine sealcoating

• Allowing debris and standing water to accumulate

Prevention:

• Conduct regular inspections to identify early signs of wear.

• Schedule periodic sealcoating to protect against elements.

• Sweep and clean asphalt surfaces to remove harmful debris.

Protect Your Asphalt: How to Prevent Costly Failures

Asphalt failure is preventable with proper installation, routine maintenance, and proactive care. Understanding the common causes of deterioration—such as water damage, heavy loads, oxidation, and chemical exposure—can help property owners take the necessary steps to extend the life of their asphalt surfaces. Investing in high-quality materials, timely repairs, and protective treatments will ensure long-term durability and cost savings. If you want your asphalt to last for years, start prioritizing preventive maintenance today!